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Adiabene
Adiabene (from the Ancient Greek , ''Adiabene'', itself derived from , ' or ', Old Persian: Nodshirakan,〔Richard Nelson Frye, 1984, The history of ancient Iran: Volume 3, Part 7 - Page 222〕 Armenian: Նոր Շիրական, ''Nor Shirakan'') was an ancient kingdom with its capital at Arbela (modern-day Arbil, Iraq).
Its rulers converted to Judaism in the 1st century. Queen Helena of Adiabene (known in Jewish sources as Heleni HaMalka) moved to Jerusalem where she built palaces for herself and her sons, Izates bar Monobaz and Monobaz II at the northern part of the city of David, south of the Temple Mount. According to the Talmud, both Helena and Monobaz donated large funds for the Temple of Jerusalem.
==Location==
Adiabene occupied a district between the Upper Zab (Lycus) and the Lower Zab (Caprus), though Ammianus speaks of Nineveh, Ecbatana, and Gaugamela as also belonging to it.〔"Hist." xviii., vii. 1〕 Although nominally a dependency of the Parthian Empire, for some centuries, beginning with the 1st century BCE, it was independent. In the Talmudic writings the name occurs as חדייב,חדייף and הדייב, which is parallel to its Syriac form "Hadyab" or "Hedayab." Its chief city was Arbela (''Arba-ilu''), where Mar Uqba had a school, or the neighboring Hazzah, by which name the later Arabs also called Arbela.〔Yaqut, ''Geographisches Wörterbuch,'' ii. 263; Payne-Smith, ''Thesaurus Syriacus,'' under "Hadyab"; Hoffmann, ''Auszüge aus Syrischen Akten,'' pp. 241, 243.〕
In Kiddushin 72a the Biblical Habor is identified with Adiabene (compare Yebamot 16b ''et seq''., Yalqut Daniel 1064), but in Yerushalmi Megillah i. 71b with Riphath.〔Genesis x. 3; compare also Genesis Rabba xxxvii.〕 In the Targum to Jeremiah li. 27, Ararat, Minni, and Ashkenaz are paraphrased by ''Kordu'', ''Harmini'', and ''Hadayab'', i.e., Corduene, Armenia, and Adiabene; while in Ezekiel xxvii. 23 Harran, Caneh, and Eden are interpreted by the Aramaic translator as "Harwan, Nisibis, and Adiabene."
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